solutions

I select two issues for oppositional reading ; "language level" and "top-down"
1. language level.
If a reader can not have appropriate language level and background knowledge to read, the reader can not take in the knowledge from a book with his / her own idea critically. Therefore, the reader just accept or receive the knowledge from the book, not through oppositional reading.
To solve this problem, first, reader must have background knowledge on many academic fields, such as economics, history, politics, anthropology etc. Recently, academic issues have been changing into the interdisciplinary. So background knowledge on many different academic fields are essential for oppsitional reading.
Second, language competence to read and figure out the context is required. So reader should level English up to read books written in English in Korea through memorizing vocabulary and reading a lot.
2. Top-down
We have just receive knowledge from teachers or seniors in Korea till now top-down, there were not any critics when we receive it. Because Korea is very hierarchical society. The positions of teachers and seniors in Korea was absolute. So there was rarely any development in philosopy and thought in Korea. When we read to overcome the top-down,
first, we should have much backgound knowledge in many academic field or
social issues through reading books, magazines or newspapers a lot.
Second, we should change educational system in Korea. The students must study through discussion or debate in their class to develop their ability to think. Third, the role of teacher should be changed into facilitator.
Before the teachers in Korea were very authoritative, so the teaching was
top-down not to think critically.